One More Reason to Get Checked: Sleep Deprivation Can Cause Weight Gain

It’s no surprise that I use my blog as a forum to educate you on various sleep disorders, and the many reasons to get them diagnosed and treated properly. At the risk of sounding alarmist, not getting a sleep issue checked out—even one you may think is fairly benign—can have dire consequences.

Conditions such as sleep apnea that cause sleep deprivation are linked to poor concentration and memory, increased risk of diabetes, hypertension and high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes, depression and sexual dysfunction.

As if these reasons aren’t enough to scare you into getting tested, here’s another one that just came out: Lack of sleep is now linked to overeating, and as a result, weight gain. That information was just announced at the American Heart Association’s Epidemiology and Prevention/Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism 2012 conference in San Diego.

To be more specific, according to the study’s abstract, sleep is an important regulator of metabolism and energy expenditure. When acute sleep deprivation occurs, the hormone leptin is reduced, while the hormone ghrelin is increased, promoting caloric intake, but not energy expenditure. The likely result is weight gain.

A quick lesson in endocrinology:

Leptin and ghrelin are appetite hormones. Leptin helps regulate hunger, appetite, and metabolism. When you have low levels of leptin in the body—perhaps due to sleep deprivation—the hormone will tell receptors in the hypothalamus of the brain, “Hey, I’m hungry, feed me.” Normal healthy levels of leptin, on the other hand, will let the brain know that you’ve had enough and are no longer hungry. 

Ghrelin is known as the hunger hormone because its job is to tell the hypothalamus when you are hungry and need to eat. That is why ghrelin levels are elevated in the body when you are hungry, and decrease after you have eaten. Ghrelin also promotes fat storage, and has been linked to the accumulation of abdominal fat.

It stands to reason, then, that if sleep deprivation reduces leptin—causing you to feel hungry—and increases ghrelin—also causing you to feel hungry and eat, then sleep deprivation is likely to lead to overeating and weight gain.

So, how did the researchers come to this conclusion?

Virend Somers, M.D., Ph.D., professor of medicine and cardiovascular disease at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota and his colleagues conducted an eight night sleep test on 17 people—11 men and six women—between the ages of 18 and 40.

Eight of the subjects in the “random group” were made to sleep less than they normally do, while the other nine in the “control group” slept their normal amount of time.

All subjects were able to eat as much as they wanted throughout the testing periods, and their daily caloric intake was measured. In addition, their daily sleep times and energy expenditures were measured, and their blood was collected at the end of the test period.

The results of the test are interesting: The sleep deprived group—who slept one hour and 20 minutes less than the control group per night—ate around 549 more calories per day than the normal sleep group. However, the sleep deprived group who ate more did not expend much more energy than the normal sleep group.

The conclusion again is: Less sleep, plus more calories and no increased activity equals more weight gain. It’s a vicious cycle. So let’s turn this equation around. When you sleep well and get enough rest, you help your body to function properly, including your appetite, metabolism and the hunger hormones mentioned above.

And so I continue my tireless crusade against sleep disorders. If you’re having trouble sleeping, from sleep apnea, snoring or some other disorder, get it checked out and treated by a qualified sleep doctor. Doing so could save you a lot, including a few notches around your belt.

To read the abstract of the study, see Insufficient Sleep Increases Caloric Intake but not Energy Expenditure.

Sleepy on the Job? Tips for a Better Night’s Sleep

There’s no denying that sleep deprivation, and the health issues that result, are becoming more prevalent in our go-go, techno society. But a recent sleep study by the National Sleep Foundation (NSF) grabbed my attention as particular cause for concern.

Every year, the NSF releases a Sleep in America® poll.  For its 2012 survey, the NSF examined the specific sleep habits and work performances of transportation workers—pilots, train operators, truck, bus, taxi and limousine drivers. The transportation workers were asked about the duration and quality of their sleep, specifically on work nights, and how it affects their work performance.

Some of the results of the survey are:

• About one-fourth of the train operators and pilots polled said that sleepiness has affected their job performance at least once a week.
• One in five pilots polled—about 20 percent—said they have made a “serious error” as a result of on-the-job sleepiness.
•  One in five pilots and one in six train operators admit to a “near miss” due to on-the-job sleepiness.
• Pilots and train operators are more likely than non-transportation workers to have been involved in a sleep-related car accident while commuting.
• Among all workers surveyed, train operators and pilots report the most work day sleep dissatisfaction.
• Almost two-thirds of train operators and one-half of pilots say they rarely or never get a good night’s sleep on work nights.
• About one-third of bus, taxi, and limo drivers said they rarely or never get a good night’s sleep on work nights.

The results of the poll are some cause for alarm, and reinforce the growing problem of sleep disorders and the potential risks they pose, such as commuter car accidents and errors by public transportation drivers responsible for many people.

Persistent sleep problems left untreated can also lead to myriad health problems, including memory and concentration problems, increased risk of high blood pressure, hypertension, stroke and heart attacks, depression, diabetes and sexual dysfunction. Severe cases of sleep apnea can even be fatal.

Besides these sobering health risks, an untreated sleep disorder can also be the root cause of poor performance at work or school, car accidents and other activities that require focus and concentration.

Common Symptoms of Sleep Disorders

Many people experience some occasional difficulty sleeping and/or daytime fatigue. But how does a person know if he or she has a temporary sleep problem that can be remedied with some simple behavioral changes, or if it is a legitimate disorder such as snoring, sleep apnea, sinusitis or nasal obstruction that should be diagnosed and treated properly?

The first step is to be aware of some common symptoms of sleep disorders. Keep in mind that symptoms vary between disorders, such as snoring, sleep apnea, insomnia, restless leg syndrome, nasal obstruction, narcolepsy, so it pays to do some research based on what you are personally experiencing.

Some common symptoms of sleep disorders include:

• Trouble falling asleep at night
• Waking throughout the night
• Chronic snoring
• Morning headaches
• Poor memory
• Daytime sleepiness/falling asleep during the day/low energy
• Bad moods/ irritability
• Increased depression
• Trouble concentrating/driving/making decisions

The Link Between Lifestyle and Sleep Problems

If you or someone you know is experiencing some of the above common symptoms of sleep disorders, the next step is to examine if lifestyle habits are contributing to the difficulty sleeping, fatigue and irritability during the day and other symptoms.
Some behavioral/lifestyle questions to ask include:

• Am I watching TV or using the computer late at night and too close to bedtime?
• Am I consuming too much caffeine during the day?
• Am I taking a medication that may be affecting my sleep quality and duration?
• Is there something particularly stressful going on in my life that is causing me worry and anxiety?
• Am I exercising enough to help alleviate some of that stress and tension?

See a Specialist—And Be Specific

Many sleep problems can be remedied by making some common sense behavioral changes. However, if you or someone you know is experiencing one or more of the above symptoms on a regular basis, see a qualified ear, nose and throat doctor or otolaryngologist to get diagnosed and treated properly. There are multiple options and minimally invasive techniques available today to treat your sleep disorder.

When you see a specialist, be specific about the symptoms you are experiencing. Many times, sleep apnea and other sleep disorders can be misdiagnosed as chronic fatigue, insomnia, depression, or some other non-specific condition. Some doctors, for example, still associate sleep apnea more with men than women, and are too quick to prescribe a medication, rather than do a full sleep disorder work up.

It may help to keep a sleep log (or, more accurately, lack of sleep log) next to your bed to write down what you are experiencing, when you wake and some symptoms you experience. Again, to try and avoid misdiagnosis, go to a qualified sleep specialist and be specific about your symptoms. Don’t wait — it could save your life.

To read the full report, see “Sleepy Pilots, Train Operators and Drivers”  on the National Sleep Foundation website.